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Balloon Kyphoplasty (PKP)

Application:

1) Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures (OVCFs)

2) Benign Vertebral Tumors and Malignant Vertebral Metastases

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Product Introduction Indications

Product Introduction

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Medical Background

Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

For fractures of the thoracolumbar spine, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is commonly performed. In brief, bone cement is injected into the affected vertebra to stabilize the fracture, relieve pain, and restore vertebral height.

Kyphoplasty (PKP) involves balloon dilation within the vertebral body followed by bone cement injection, which not only stabilizes the fracture and alleviates pain but also better restores vertebral height.

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Classification and Techniques of Vertebral Augmentation

Vertebral augmentation can be classified into:

● Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

● Balloon Kyphoplasty (PKP)

1. PVP

A ~2 mm incision is made in the patient’s back, and under fluoroscopic guidance, a specialized trocar is inserted percutaneously into the vertebral body. A working channel is established, and bone cement is injected to stabilize the fractured vertebra, prevent further collapse, and relieve significant pain.

2. PKP
Following balloon dilation, bone cement is injected in multiple steps. Balloon inflation compacts the surrounding cancellous bone, creating a cavity that reduces the risk of cement leakage.Staged injection further lowers injection pressure, minimizing cement extravasation.

Comparison: PKP vs. PVP

PKP utilizes specialized instruments (e.g., balloons) within the vertebral body to restore vertebral height. Compared with PVP, PKP offers superior restoration of vertebral height.

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Clinical Effects of Vertebral Augmentation

Clinical Benefits

Pain Relief
Both PKP and PVP provide reliable and effective pain control while preventing further vertebral collapse. Clinical evidence demonstrates rapid pain relief, with overall patient satisfaction exceeding 80%. For vertebral height restoration and correction of kyphotic deformity, PKP is superior to PVP.

Reduction of Complications
PVP typically requires ~30 minutes of operative time. Most patients ambulate within 24 hours postoperatively under brace protection, reducing complications associated with prolonged bed rest. Early mobilization prevents secondary issues such as pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis. It also avoids disuse osteoporosis caused by long-term immobility. Furthermore, vertebral augmentation may prevent chronic pain, abdominal distension, or postural difficulties resulting from progressive kyphotic deformity.

Indications

1. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures (OVCFs)
The most common indication for vertebral augmentation. Due to reduced bone density and fragility, minor activities such as bending, coughing, sneezing, or lifting can trigger compression fractures, leading to persistent or severe pain and impaired quality of life. Vertebral augmentation effectively relieves pain, stabilizes the vertebra, and restores mobility.

2. Benign Vertebral Tumors and Malignant Vertebral Metastases
Conditions such as multiple myeloma, vertebral hemangioma, or osteolytic metastases from lung, breast, or prostate cancer can cause vertebral instability, pathological fractures, intractable pain, and neurologic compression. Vertebral augmentation provides pain relief, reinforces vertebral strength, and reduces complication rates.

3. Other Indications
In select cases, acute vertebral burst fractures or vertebral hematomas may also be considered for vertebral augmentation under appropriate conditions.

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